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Writer's pictureTania Holland

A Little History of Paper Mache

Did you know that the ordinary materials around you could transform into extraordinary art? Paper mache has been used in various forms around the world throughout history, where creativity and innovation collide to produce stunning works of art! Read on to find out about its unusual past and unexpected contemporary applications.


Imagine mundane materials coming to life in vibrant colors and intricate forms. This is the joy of paper mache, an ancient art form that has captivated artists and enthusiasts for centuries. The history of paper mache dates back to ancient Egypt, where early fabrication methods involved glueing layers of papyrus or linen together making a material called Cartonnage, also China, where it was used to make helmets (!), decorative objects and religious artifacts, and paper mache was also prominent in India. French traders began using paper mache boxes to package and sell Kashmiri shawls, introducing the Western World to the craft as "papier mâché", this versatile medium becoming especially popular in Europe during the Renaissance period.




19th Century Chines Box, Egyptian Cartonnage, Kashmir Handpainted Bowl c.1900



What's so good about paper mache?


One of the key merits of paper mache is its accessibility and affordability. With just paper, glue, and water, anyone can delve into the world of sculpting and crafting. This simplicity makes it a popular choice for art projects in schools and creative workshops. The pliability of the material allows for endless possibilities, whether crafting small figurines or large installations.


Beyond its ease of use, paper mache is also an eco-friendly option, utilizing recycled materials to create art. By repurposing old newspapers and cardboard, artists can reduce waste while unleashing their creative flair. This sustainable aspect adds a modern twist to an age-old practice, making papier mâché a favorite among environmentally-conscious creators.


Alternative Uses for Paper Mache


While paper mache is commonly associated with art and crafts, its versatility extends beyond the creative realm. In recent years, architects and builders have turned to paper mache as a sustainable building material, notably with the invention of Papercrete, patented in 1928 by Eric Patterson. Its lightweight nature and insulating properties make it an attractive choice for constructing temporary structures and art installations. The material is also fairly eco-friendly, although the inclusion of cement in the mix compromises this a little (Papercrete is similar to the paper mache mix that I use to create water resistant sculptures).



Papercrete used as a building material.


Countries Celebrating Paper Mache as an Art Form


Around the world, various cultures have embraced paper mache as a cherished art form. In Mexico, intricately crafted paper mache skeletons, known as calacas, are a prominent feature of Diá de los Muertos (day of the dead) celebrations.

In India, colorful animal figures made from paper mache are a traditional art form in the region of Kashmir, showcasing the craftsmanship and creativity of local artisans.



Mexican Calacas and Kashmiri Hen and Cat decorative boxes.


Are there any famous paper mache artists?


It is difficult to pinpoint "famous" paper mache artists as we might think of painters such as Van Gogh or Picasso as the medium of seems to be considered a lesser art form in general comparison to other disciplines in U.K. culture, which is unfortunate because, as we have seen, art produced with paper mache can be highly detailed, very high quality, long lasting and inventive. Possibly the most famous paper mache artist is Mexican, Sergio Bustamante who "materialises his dreams" in his surreal and imaginative work. Gemma Taccogna is an artist who helped to innovate design and production techniques in paper mache, making her work highly collectible. There is also Hermes Arroyo, known for his giant paper mache puppets or "mojigangas" which keep the cultural traditions of San Miguel alive and Adalberto Alvares Marines who specialised in paper mache sculpture and was named a "grand master" of Mexican folk art.



Sergio Bustamante, Gemma Taccogna, Hermes Arroyo, Adalberto Alvares Marines


Some of my favourite contemporary artists that make stunning creations in paper mache include American artists Will Kurtz who fashions incredibly well observered lifelike human and animal characters in paper, Jonni Good with her website "Ultimate Paper Mache" who revels in experimenting with the medium of paper mache on her animal sculptures, and French Artist Melanie Bourlon who creates stunningly accomplished animal-human hybrids.



Will Kurt, Jonni Good, Melanie Bourlon


In conclusion, paper mache is a familiar, versatile and robust creative medium which lends itself to colourful creations of virtually any shape or form. It is revered and inherent historically in certain cultures but woefully underrated in our own.


Why not join the ranks of paper mache artists across the globe and let the art of paper mache ignite your own creativity to dive into a world where humble materials transform into extraordinary creations. Celebrate the rich history and boundless creativity of this remarkable medium and revel in the wonder of this timeless art form. Who knows what wonders you might create with just paper, glue, and a dash of imagination?



Paper mache art by Tania




Links to references in this blog post.


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